Charles Goethe

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Charles M. Goethe (1875 - 1966) was an American eugenicist, entrepreneur, land developer, philanthropist, conservationist, founder of the Eugenics Society of Northern California, and a native and lifelong resident of Sacramento, California.

Contents 1 Nature guide movement 2 Founder of Sacramento State College 3 Eugenics controversy 4 References 5 External links

Nature guide movement

Goethe (pronounced “Gay-tee”) wrote admiringly of California’s Forty-Niners, the State’s giant redwood trees, and loved the outdoors. He and his wife have been called the “The father and mother of the Nature Guide Movement,’ initiating interpretive programs with the U.S. . This was motivated by their experience with nature programs in Europe and desire to educate visitors in the U.S. National Parks. His motto was “Learn to Read the Trail-side as a Book.”

Founder of Sacramento State College

Goethe founded California State University, Sacramento (Sacramento State College at the time), which in turn treated Goethe with the reverence of a founding father, appointed him chairman of the University’s advisory board, dedicated the Goethe Arboretum to him in 1961, and organized an elaborate gala and ‘national recognition day’ to mark his 90th birthday in 1965, when he received letters of appreciation - solicited by his friends at CSUS - from the president of the Nature Conservancy, then-Governor Edmund G. Brown, and then-President Lyndon B. Johnson. As a result, in 1963, Goethe changed his will to make CSUS his primary beneficiary, bequeathing his residence, eugenics library, papers, and $640,000 to the University.

When Goethe died, CSUS received the largest share of his $24 million estate.

Eugenics controversy

Goethe also recommended compulsory sterilization of the ’socially unfit’, opposed immigration, and praised German scientists who used a comprehensive sterilization program to ‘purify’ the Aryan race before the outbreak of World War II. Goethe also funded anti-Asian campaigns, praised the Nazis before and after World War II, and practiced discrimination in his business dealings, refusing to sell real estate to Mexicans and Asians.

Goethe believed a variety of social successes (wealth, leadership, intellectual discoveries) and social problems (poverty, illegitimacy, crime and mental illness) could be traced to inherited biological attributes associated with ‘racial temperament’.

Working with the Human Betterment Foundation in Pasadena, California, Goethe lobbied the State to restrict immigration from Mexico and carry out involuntary sterilizations of mostly poor women, defined as ‘feeble-minded’ or ’socially inadequate’ by medical authorities between 1909 and the 1960s.

Upon return from a trip to Germany 1934, which at the time was sterilizing over 5,000 citizens per month, Goethe reportedly told a fellow eugenicist, “You will be interested to know that your work has played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed that their opinions have been tremendously stimulated by American thought…I want you, my dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest of your life, that you have really jolted into action a great government of 60 million people.” The Nazi eugenics movement eventually escalated to become The Holocaust, which claimed the lives of well over 10 million ‘undesirables’, including 6 million Jews.

In Sacramento, during Goethe’s life, the advocacy of eugenics -the social philosophy of attempting to ‘improve’ the human population by artificial selection - was considered a progressive issue. Though it was opposed by many scientists who thought the understanding of human heredity was too shallow to create solid policy, and by religious leaders who opposed birth control of any form, in the years after the Holocaust it was not considered to be as radical as it is today. Around 20,000 patients in California State psychiatric hospital were sterilized with minimal or non-existent consent given between 1909 and 1950, when the law went into general disuse before its repeal in the 1960s. A favorable report by Human Betterment Foundation workers E.S. Gosney and Paul B. Popenoe, touting the results of the sterilizations in California, was published in the late 1920s, which in turn was often cited by the Nazi government as evidence wide-reaching sterilization programs were feasible and humane. When Nazi administrators went on trial for war crimes in Nuremberg after World War II, they justified their mass-sterilizations by pointing at the United States as their inspiration.

CSUS attempted to name a new science building after him in 1965, but that effort was rebuffed by students and teachers.

Controversy has recently erupted over the naming of the Goethe Arboretum, located on the north end of the University campus. Derek Hamilton, a History student at CSUS, has started an online petition advocating a name change for the arboretum, contending Goethe’s racist views no longer reflect the values of CSUS. Goethe’s own writings, along with a history of eugenics, have been assembled to help the current CSUS community decide what to do in light of his lifelong dedication to eugenics and support of racist causes. Goethe’s last recorded donation was to a white supremacist group.

On June 21, 2007, the school board of the Sacramento City Unified School District voted to rename the “Charles M. Goethe Middle School” to the “Rosa Parks Middle School”.

On January 29, 2008, the Sacramento Board of Supervisors stripped his name from one of Sacramento County’s busiest parks. On April 25, 2008, the Sacramento Bee reported that, with a nod from Internet voters and the county parks commission, the park will be renamed River Bend Park.

References

1. ^ “The World’s Largest Summer Camp,” Yosemite Nature Notes 37(7):89-94 (July 1958) by Charles M. Goethe. Traces the origin of nature guiding in National Parks; reprinted from Nature Magazine
2. ^ “Nature Study in National Parks Interpretive Movement,” Yosemite Nature Notes 39(7):156-158 (July 1960) by Charles M. Goethe
3. ^ ^{a b c} SacBee.com - ‘Curious historical bedfellows: Sac State and its racist benefactor: After receiving honors aplenty from university, C. M. Goethe left most of his big estate to it’, Tony Platt, The Sacramento Bee (February 29, 2004)
4. ^ ^{a b c} NewsReview.com - ‘Darkness on the edge of campus: University’s philanthropic ‘godfather’ was mad about eugenics’, Chrisanne Beckner, Sacramento News and Review (February 19, 2004)
5. ^ SFGate.com - ‘Eugenics and the Nazis — the California connection’, Edwin Black, San Francisco Chronicle (November 9, 2003)
6. ^ News10.net - Search Results
7. ^ News - Goethe name is gone from park - sacbee.com
8. ^ - River Bend favored as new name for Goethe Park - sacbee.com

External links

• “The World’s Largest Summer Camp,” Yosemite Nature Notes 37(7):89-94 (July 1958) by Charles M. Goethe. Traces the origin of nature guiding in National Parks; reprinted from Nature Magazine
• “Nature Study in National Parks Interpretive Movement,” Yosemite Nature Notes 39(7):156-158 (July 1960) by Charles M. Goethe
• NewsReview.com - ‘Darkness on the edge of campus: University’s philanthropic ‘godfather’ was mad about eugenics’, Chrisanne Beckner, Sacramento News and Review (February 19, 2004)
• SacBee.com - ‘Curious historical bedfellows: Sac State and its racist benefactor: After receiving honors aplenty from university, C. M. Goethe left most of his big estate to it’, Tony Platt, The Sacramento Bee (February 29, 2004)
• SFGate.com - ‘Eugenics and the Nazis—the California connection’, Edwin Black, San Francisco Chronicle (November 9, 2003)
• StateHornet.com - ‘Online petition seeks to change name of arboretum’, David Martin Olson, State Hornet (February 4, 2005)
• TimesOnline.co.uk - ‘Liberal California confronts years of forced sterilisation’, Chris Ayres, Sunday Times (July 11, 2003)
• ‘School to erase Goethe name? Staffers say honoring man with racist views insults the students.’, Dorothy Korber, “The Sacramento Bee” (February 15, 2007)
• ‘Ugly side of philanthropist divides (California State University, Sacramento)’, Eric Stern, Bee Staff Writer, “The Sacramento Bee” (March 1, 2007)
• ‘Goethe recalled fondly by some’, Eric Stern, Bee Staff Writer, “The Sacramento Bee” (March 2, 2007)

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Goethe”
Categories: 1875 births | 1966 deaths | American eugenicists | American philanthropists | People from Sacramento, California

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Ainax

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Ainax was a listed holding company that owned shares in the Swedish truck maker Scania. The company was a result of an attempted acquisition of Scania by Volvo that was blocked by the European Commission for competition reasons.

After Volvo was ordered to discontinue its ownership in Scania, the shares were placed in a separate holding company, which was then divested to the Volvo shareholders, and also traded on the NASDAQ OMX Group marketplace Nya Marknanden, today First North. In March 2006, Scania completed the acquisition of Ainax. Ainax was liquidated and Scania shares were distributed to Ainax’s owners.

Ainax is a phonetic anagram of Scania (Ainacs).

References

1. ^ “Ainax - press release”. Cision Wire. http://www.cisionwire.com/ainax/trading-in-ainax-shares-on-nya-marknaden. Retrieved 2007-03-24. 
2. ^ Scania Annual Report 2006

External links

• Official site closed
• All press releases and reports from Ainax
• http://www.scania.com/ir/ainax/

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainax”
Categories: Companies of Sweden

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Nanp? Islands

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The Nanp? Islands (????, nanp? shot?^?) is a chain of Japanese islands extending from the Izu Peninsula west of Tokyo Bay southward for about 750 miles (1200 km), to within 300 miles (500 km) of the Mariana Islands.

The Nanp? Islands consists of three major groups of islands: the Izu Islands; the Ogasawara Islands, also known as the Bonin Islands; and the Volcano Islands. Among the latter group of islands lies I?jima or Iwo Jima, located about 670 miles south of Tokyo, 700 miles north of Guam and nearly halfway between Tokyo and Saipan.

See also

Tokyo portal

References

External links

• Bonin Information Service

This Tokyo location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanp%C5%8D_Islands”
Categories: Islands of Tokyo | Izu-Bonin volcanic arc | Geography of Tokyo | Archipelagoes of Japan | Tokyo geography stubsHidden categories: Japan articles missing geocoordinate data | All articles needing coordinates

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10th century in Ireland

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Contents 1 900s 2 910s 3 920s 4 940s 5 950s 6 960s 7 970s 8 980s 9 990s 10 1000s 11 Notes

900s

902

• Dublin has been abandoned - the end of the Longphort phase - the term used by modern scholars to refer to the earliest period of Viking settlement at Dublin

908

• 13 September - Flann Sinna slew Cormac mac Cuilennáin, the king-bishop of Cashel and King of Munster, at the battle of Belach Mughna, in Leinster.

910s

911

• Drogheda is established as a Viking settlement on the River Boyne.

911 or 914

• A large Viking fleet arrives in Waterford and a second period of Viking raids begins. The Vikings also established a base in Waterford.

916

• 25 May: death of Flann Sinna (b 847 or 848), the son of Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid of Clann Cholmáin, a branch of the southern Uí Néill. He was King of Mide from 877 onwards, following Donnchad mac Eochocain, and is counted as a High King of Ireland

917

• The Annals of Ulster records the arrival of two Viking fleets in Ireland in 917, one led by Ragnall and the other by Sigtrygg, both of the Uí Ímair kindred. They fought a battle against Niall Glundub in which the Irish were routed, and according to the annals Sigtrygg then “entered Áth Cliath”, i.e. Dublin, which we must assume means that he took possession of it. Ragnall Uí Ímair went on to Scotland, and then conquered York and became king there.

919

• Niall Glúndub, overking of the Uí Néill, killed in the battle of Dublin. He fell fighting the Dublin Norse at Islandbridge.

920s

922

• The Vikings establish a Longphort in Limerick.
• Death of Muiredach Mac Domhnaill, abbot of Monasterboice, under whose auspices the great high cross was made.

926 or 941

• Brian Boru (d.1014), future High King of Ireland is thought to have been born in 926 or in 941.

927

• Death of Sigtrygg Caech (or Sihtric), a Norse-Gael King of Dublin who later reigned as king of York. His epithet means the ‘Squinty’. He belonged to the Uí Ímair kindred.

928

• Viking massacre of native Irish in Dunmore Caves in County Kilkenny.

940s

944

• Death of Donnchad Donn mac Flainn, King of Mide; he is succeeded by Oengus mac Donnchada.

950s

956

• Death of Congalach Cnogba, High King of Ireland, of the Síl nÁedo Sláine, part of the Southern Uí Néill. Domnall ua Néill becomes overking of the Uí Néill and reigns until his death in 980.

960s

960

• Gormflaith was born in Naas, County Kildare. She was the daughter of Murchad mac Find, King of Leinster. She was also the mother of King Sigtrygg Silkbeard of Dublin.

964

• Mathgamain, leader of the Dál gCais from east Clare, captures Cashel from the Eóganachta.

968

• Battle of Sulcoit where Brian Boru recaptures Cashel from the Vikings

970s

970

• A hoard of 43 silver and bronze items was left in a rocky cleft deep in Dunmore Caves near Kilkenny. It consisted of silver, ingots and conical buttons woven from fine silver and was discovered in 1999.

975

• Brian Boru becomes King of Munster and reigns until his death in 1014

976

• Mathgamain, leader of the Dál gCais from east Clare, is killed.
• Death of Muirchertach mac Mael Sechnaill, King of Mide.

980s

980

• Death of Domnall ua Néill, overking of the Uí Néill, who had reigned since 956: he is succeeded by Mael Seachnaill II, who reigned until his death in 1022
• Battle of Tara, at which Mael Seachnaill II defeats a Viking army from Dublin.

981

• Mael Seachnaill II besieges and takes the city of Dublin from the Vikings and imposes a heavy tribute on them.

982

• The King of Munster, Brian Boru starts extending his authority from his base around Limerick up the River Shannon. By doing so, he comes into conflict with High King Mael Seachnaill II whose power base is the Province of Meath. It is that start of a conflict that lasts until 997.

989

• Sigtrygg Silkbeard becomes King of Dublin

990s

997

• Brian Boru and Mael Seachnaill II divide Ireland between them

998

• King Mael Mordha of Leinster, rebelled against the High King of Ireland, Brian Ború.

999

• Brian Boru defeats the Leinstermen and the Vikings at the Battle of Glenn Mama. Sigtrygg Silkbeard, King of Dublin, submits to him. Brian plunders the city.

1000s

1000

• Brian Boru led a combined Munster-Leinster-Dublin army in an attack on High King Máel Sechnaill II’s home province of Meath.

Notes

1. ^ Connolly S.J (1998). The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 0192116959. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Moody, TW & Martin, FX (eds) (1967). The Course of Irish History. Cork, Ireland: The Mercier Press. pp. p 59 & 98. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f} The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland. Foster, RF. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1989
4. ^ Moody, TW & Martin, FX (eds) (1967). The Course of Irish History. Cork, Ireland: The Mercier Press. pp. p 102. 
5. ^ Annals of Ulster (AU) 917.3,4,5
6. ^ AU 918.4
7. ^ Connolly S.J (1998). The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford University Press. p. 580. ISBN 0192116959. 
8. ^ Moody, TW & Martin, FX (eds) (1967). The Course of Irish History. Cork, Ireland: The Mercier Press. pp. p 369. 
9. ^ Moody, TW & Martin, FX (eds) (1967). The Course of Irish History. Cork, Ireland: The Mercier Press. pp. p 103. 
10. ^ Illustrated Dictionary of Irish History. Mac Annaidh, S (ed). Gill and Macmillan, Dublin. 2001
11. ^ ^{a b} The Concise History of Ireland. Duffy, S. Gill & Macmillan, Dublin. 2005
12. ^ ^{a b c d} Moody, TW & Martin, FX (eds) (1967). The Course of Irish History. Cork, Ireland: The Mercier Press. pp. p 104. 

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_century_in_Ireland”
Categories: 10th century in Ireland

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Mike Woodson

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Mike Woodson
Woodson coaching the Hawks in the 2008 NBA playoffs
Position(s)	Shooting guard Small forward
Jersey #(s)	2, 42
Listed height	6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Listed weight	195 lb (88 kg)
Born	March 24, 1958 (1958-03-24) (age 51) Indianapolis, Indiana
Career information
Year(s)	1980–1991
NBA Draft	1980 / Round: 1 / Pick: 12 Selected by New York Knicks
College	Indiana
Professional team(s)
New York Knicks (1980-1981) New Jersey Nets (1981-1982) Kansas City Kings/Sacramento Kings (1982-1986) Los Angeles Clippers (1986-1988) Houston Rockets (1988-1991) Cleveland Cavaliers (1991)
Career stats (NBA)
Points	10,981
Rebounds	1,838
Assists	1,822
Stats @ Basketball-Reference.com
Career highlights and awards
None
Coaching
Atlanta Hawks (2004–present)

Michael “Mike” Dean Woodson (born March 24, 1958 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is a retired American basketball player and current head coach of the NBA’s Atlanta Hawks.

Woodson took over the job from Terry Stotts prior to the 2004-05 NBA season. He came to the Hawks after a stint as an assistant coach on the 2003-04 Detroit Pistons NBA Championship team and was a long-time assistant under Larry Brown. Woodson was known for getting the most of defensive players, allowing teams coached by him and Brown to limit opponents to just under 42% shooting. Woodson played college basketball at Indiana University and was a protege of legendary coach Bob Knight. He was the leading scorer on the 1979 Indiana team that won the NIT championship.

He was selected 12th overall by the New York Knicks in the 1980 NBA Draft and played in the league from 1980 until 1991. He spent two years in New York, before being traded to the Kansas City Kings. He enjoyed great success with the franchise, leading the team with 18.2 points per contest during a 1983 playoff run. He averaged 12.2 points over his career with the Kings (moving with the team to Sacramento). After success with that franchise, he finished his career by moving between several teams, making contributions in New Jersey, Los Angeles (with the Clippers), Houston, and Cleveland.

Prior to working with Brown, Woodson was an assistant with the Milwaukee Bucks for three years beginning in 1996. He later took a coaching job in Cleveland before being invited to join Brown’s staff.

Woodson and his wife Terri have two daughters, Alexis and Mariah, and both are very talented volleyball players. Alexis is in her freshman year on the Hoosiers volleyball program, while Mariah is finishing up her senior season for Atlanta’s Woodward Academy

Coaching record

Legend
Regular season	G	Games coached	W	Games won	L	Games lost
Post season	PG	Games coached	PW	Games won	PL	Games lost

Team	Year	G	W	L	W–L%	Finish	PG	PW	PL	Result
ATL	2004–05	82	13	69	.159	5th in Southeast	—	—	—	Missed Playoffs
ATL	2005–06	82	26	56	.317	5th in Southeast	—	—	—	Missed Playoffs
ATL	2006–07	82	30	52	.366	5th in Southeast	—	—	—	Missed Playoffs
ATL	2007–08	82	37	45	.451	3rd in Southeast	7	3	4	Lost in First Round
ATL	2008–09	82	47	35	.580	2nd in Southeast	11	4	7	Lost in Conference Semifinals
Career		410	153	257	.373		18	7	11

References

1. ^ NBA Coaching Bio

External links

• NBA.com: Mike Woodson coach file
• Basketball-Reference.com: Mike Woodson (stats as a coach)
• Basketball-Reference.com: Mike Woodson (stats as a player)

Preceded by Terry Stotts

Atlanta Hawks head coach 2004–present

Succeeded by Incumbent

collapsible autocollapse” style=”width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;”> v • d • e 1980 NBA Draft First Round Joe Barry Carroll · Darrell Griffith · Kevin McHale · Kelvin Ransey · James Ray · Mike O’Koren · Mike Gminski · Andrew Toney · Michael Brooks · Ronnie Lester · Kiki Vandeweghe · Mike Woodson · Rickey Brown · Wes Matthews · Reggie Johnson · Hawkeye Whitney · Larry Drew · Don Collins · John Duren · Bill Hanzlik · Monti Davis · Chad Kinch · Carl Nicks Second Round Larry Smith · Jeff Ruland · Sam Worthen · John Stroud · Craig Shelton · Louis Orr · Kenny Natt · Wayne Robinson · David Lawrence · Bruce Collins · Roosevelt Bouie · Rick Mahorn · DeWayne Scales · Butch Carter · Terry Stotts · Michael Wiley · Dick Miller · Jawann Oldham · Kimberly Belton · Billy Williams · Clyde Austin · Brad Branson · Arnette Hallman

v • d • e Atlanta Hawks Formerly the Buffalo Bisons, Tri-Cities Blackhawks, Milwaukee Hawks, and St. Louis Hawks • Founded in 1946 • Based in Atlanta, Georgia The Franchise Franchise • All-Time roster • Seasons • Head coaches • Current season Arenas Wharton Field House • Milwaukee Arena • Kiel Auditorium • Alexander Memorial Coliseum • Omni Coliseum • Lakefront Arena • Georgia Dome • Philips Arena Head Coaches Potter • Auerbach • McMillan • Logan • Todorovich • Moore • Levane • Holzman • Martin • Hannum • Phillip • Macauley • Seymour • Levane • Pettit • Gallatin • Guerin • Fitzsimmons • Tormohlen • Brown • Fratello • Loughery • Fratello • Weiss • Wilkens • Kruger • Stotts • Woodson D-League Affiliate Utah Flash NBA Championships (1) 1958 Retired Jerseys 9 • 17 • 21 • 23 • 40 Lore “Shock the World” • The Human Highlight Film • Harry the Hawk Media TV: Fox Sports South • SportSouth • Radio: WQXI-AM • Announcers: Bob Rathbun • Dominique Wilkins • Steve Holman

v • d • e Atlanta Hawks current roster 0 Teague | 1 Evans | 2 Johnson | 5 Josh Smith | 6 West | 10 Bibby | 11 Crawford | 15 Horford | 24 Williams | 27 Pachulia | 32 Joe Smith | 33 Morris | 34 Collins Head coach Woodson | Assistant coaches Drew | Bender | Todd | Hill

v • d • e Head coaches of the National Basketball Association
East	Atlantic	D. Rivers (Boston)	K. Vandeweghe (New Jersey)	M. D’Antoni (New York)	E. Jordan (Philadelphia)	J. Triano (Toronto)
	Central	V. Del Negro (Chicago)	M. Brown (Cleveland)	J. Kuester (Detroit)	J. O’Brien (Indiana)	S. Skiles (Milwaukee)
	Southeast	M. Woodson (Atlanta)	L. Brown (Charlotte)	E. Spoelstra (Miami)	S. Van Gundy (Orlando)	F. Saunders (Washington)
West	Southwest	R. Carlisle (Dallas)	R. Adelman (Houston)	L. Hollins (Memphis)	J. Bower (New Orleans)	G. Popovich (San Antonio)
	Northwest	G. Karl (Denver)	K. Rambis (Minnesota)	S. Brooks (Oklahoma City)	N. McMillan (Portland)	J. Sloan (Utah)
	Pacific	D. Nelson (Golden State)	K. Hughes (L.A. Clippers)	P. Jackson (L.A. Lakers)	A. Gentry (Phoenix)	P. Westphal (Sacramento)

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Woodson”
Categories: 1958 births | African American sports coaches | African American basketball players | American basketball players | American basketball coaches | Atlanta Hawks coaches | Basketball players from Indiana | Cleveland Cavaliers players | Houston Rockets players | Indiana Hoosiers men’s basketball players | People from Indianapolis, Indiana | Kansas City Kings players | Living people | Los Angeles Clippers players | New Jersey Nets players | New York Knicks draft picks | New York Knicks players | Sacramento Kings players | Shooting guards

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Peter Robinson (speaker)

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Peter Robinson (November 15, 1791 Pembroke, Merrimack County, New Hampshire - October 9, 1841 Binghamton, Broome County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.

Life

He graduated from Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire. In 1815, he moved to Binghamton, New York. Here he studied law under Gen. Thomas G. Waterman, and was admitted to the bar in 1819.

He was a member from Broome County of the New York State Assembly for six terms until 1831, and as a National Republican was Speaker in 1829. He has held the office of Surrogate, and has been a magistrate for a length of time.

Sources

• Short Bio in the Annals of Binghamton
• Obit Info at Rootsweb
• Political Graveyard
• Reminiscences of George W. Bull in NYT, December 30, 1879
• Settlers Info at Geocities
• John Stilwell Jenkins: History of Political Parties in the State of New-York (Alden & Markham, Auburn Ny, 1846)

Political offices
Preceded by Erastus Root	Speaker of the New York State Assembly 1829	Succeeded by Erastus Root

v • d • e Speakers of the New York State Assembly W Livingston · Bancker · Hathorn · Gelston · Lansing · Varick · Lansing · Verplanck · Watts · Watson · North · Verplanck · Ten Broeck · Osgood · Storm · Sheldon · McCord · Sheldon · Wilkin · North · Sanford · Ross · Sheldon · Van Rensselaer · Emott · Young · Cruger · Woods · German · Spencer · P Sharpe · Romaine · P Livingston · Goodell · Crolius · Young · Root · P Robinson · Root · Davis · C Livingston · Baker · Humphrey · E Livingston · Bradish · G Patterson · Porter · Chatfield · Davis · Litchfield · Seymour · Crain · Hasbrouck · Hadley · Elderkin · Pruyn · Dininny · Raymond · Varnum · Heartt · Ludlow · Pruyn · Littlejohn · O Robinson · Littlejohn · Alvord · Littlejohn · Raymond · Callicot · Depew (acting) · Callicot · Alvord · Hoskins · Tremain · Pitts · Hitchman · Younglove · Hitchman · H Smith · Cornell · Husted · McGuire · Husted · Sloan · Husted · Alvord · G Sharpe · C Patterson · Chapin · Sheard · Erwin · Husted · Cole · Husted · Sheehan · Bush · Sulzer · Malby · Fish · O’Grady · Nixon · Wadsworth · Frisbie · Merritt · A Smith · Sweet · Machold · McGinnies · I Steingut · Ives · Heck · Carlino · Travia · Weinstein (acting) · Duryea · S Steingut · Fink · Miller · Tallon (acting) · Weprin · Silver

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(speaker)”
Categories: 1791 births | 1841 deaths | Speakers of the New York Assembly | People from Binghamton, New York | People from Merrimack County, New Hampshire

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1919 Detroit Tigers season

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1919 Detroit Tigers
Major league affiliations
American League (Since 1901)
Location
Navin Field (Since 1912) Detroit, Michigan (Since 1901)
1919 Information
Owner(s)	Frank Navin
Manager(s)	Hughie Jennings
Local television	none
Local radio	none

The Detroit Tigers’ 1919 season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Detroit Tigers attempting to win the American League.

Contents 1 Regular season 1.1 Season standings 1.2 Roster 2 Player stats 2.1 Batting 2.1.1 Starters by position 2.1.2 Other batters 2.2 Pitching 2.2.1 Starting pitchers 2.2.2 Other pitchers 2.2.3 Relief pitchers 3 References

Regular season

Season standings

American League	W	L	Pct.	GB
Chicago White Sox	88	62	.629	–
Cleveland Indians	84	55	.604	3½
New York Yankees	80	59	.576	7½
Detroit Tigers	80	60	.571	8
St. Louis Browns	67	72	.482	20½
Boston Red Sox	66	71	.482	20½
Washington Senators	56	84	.400	32
Philadelphia Athletics	36	104	.257	52

Roster

1919 Detroit Tigers roster
Roster
Pitchers Doc Ayers Bernie Boland George Cunningham Hooks Dauss Howard Ehmke Eric Erickson Bill James Rudy Kallio Dutch Leonard Slim Love Willie Mitchell		Catchers Eddie Ainsmith Oscar Stanage Archie Yelle Infielders Donie Bush Ben Dyer Babe Ellison Harry Heilmann Bob Jones Ralph Young		Outfielders Ty Cobb Ira Flagstead Chick Shorten Bobby Veach Other positions Snooks Dowd		Manager Hughie Jennings Coaches Dan Howley

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position

Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pos	Player	G	AB	H	Avg.	HR	RBI

Other batters

Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Player	G	AB	H	Avg.	HR	RBI
Dyer, BenBen Dyer	44	85	21	.247	0	15

Pitching

Starting pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Player	G	IP	W	L	ERA	SO

Other pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Player	G	IP	W	L	ERA	SO

Relief pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Player	G	W	L	SV	ERA	SO

References

• 1919 Detroit Tigers season at Baseball Reference

v • d • e 1919 MLB season by team American League Boston • Chicago • Cleveland • Detroit • New York • Philadelphia • St. Louis • Washington National League Boston • Brooklyn • Chicago • Cincinnati • New York • Philadelphia • Pittsburgh • St. Louis 1919 World Series

v • d • e Detroit Tigers Based in Detroit, Michigan Franchise History • Seasons • Records • Players • Managers • Owners and general managers Ballparks Boulevard Park • Bennett Park • Tiger Stadium • Comerica Park Spring Training: Plant Field • Bosse Field • Henley Field • Joker Marchant Stadium Culture Gum Time • Paws • “Detroit Rock City” • “The Bird” • Disco Demolition Night Rivalries Cleveland Indians • Chicago White Sox • Chicago Cubs • St. Louis Cardinals • Toronto Blue Jays Important figures Ty Cobb • Sam Crawford • Hughie Jennings • Wild Bill Donovan • George Mullin • Donie Bush • Harry Heilmann • Hooks Dauss • Mickey Cochrane • Hank Greenberg • Charlie Gehringer • Billy Rogell • Tommy Bridges • Schoolboy Rowe • Hal Newhouser • Dizzy Trout • Al Kaline • Denny McLain • Norm Cash • Willie Horton • Bill Freehan • Mickey Lolich • Mayo Smith • Ralph Houk • Mark Fidrych • Jack Morris • Alan Trammell • Lou Whitaker • Lance Parrish • Kirk Gibson • Willie Hernández • Sparky Anderson • Ernie Harwell • Justin Verlander Retired numbers Ty Cobb • 2 • 5 • 6 • 16 • 23 • 42 Minors Player overview • AAA: Toledo Mud Hens • AA: Erie SeaWolves • A: Lakeland Flying Tigers • West Michigan Whitecaps • Connecticut Tigers • Rookie: Gulf Coast League Tigers • DSL Tigers • VSL Tigers Key personnel Owner: Mike Ilitch • General Manager: Dave Dombrowski • Manager: Jim Leyland World Series championships (4) 1935 • 1945 • 1968 • 1984 League pennants (10) American League: 1907 • 1908 • 1909 • 1934 • 1935 • 1940 • 1945 • 1968 • 1984 • 2006 Division titles (3) East: 1972 • 1984 • 1987 • Central: none Wild card berths (1) 2006 Broadcasters TV: Fox Sports Detroit • Mario Impemba • Rod Allen Radio: Detroit Tigers Radio Network • Dan Dickerson • Jim Price • WXYT-FM • WXYT (AM) History: List of Detroit Tigers broadcasters   Seasons (110) 1900s 1900 • 1901 • 1902 • 1903 • 1904 • 1905 • 1906 • 1907 • 1908 • 1909 1910s 1910 • 1911 • 1912 • 1913 • 1914 • 1915 • 1916 • 1917 • 1918 • 1919 1920s 1920 • 1921 • 1922 • 1923 • 1924 • 1925 • 1926 • 1927 • 1928 • 1929 1930s 1930 • 1931 • 1932 • 1933 • 1934 • 1935 • 1936 • 1937 • 1938 • 1939 1940s 1940 • 1941 • 1942 • 1943 • 1944 • 1945 • 1946 • 1947 • 1948 • 1949 1950s 1950 • 1951 • 1952 • 1953 • 1954 • 1955 • 1956 • 1957 • 1958 • 1959 1960s 1960 • 1961 • 1962 • 1963 • 1964 • 1965 • 1966 • 1967 • 1968 • 1969 1970s 1970 • 1971 • 1972 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1976 • 1977 • 1978 • 1979 1980s 1980 • 1981 • 1982 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 1986 • 1987 • 1988 • 1989 1990s 1990 • 1991 • 1992 • 1993 • 1994 • 1995 • 1996 • 1997 • 1998 • 1999 2000s 2000 • 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2005 • 2006 • 2007 • 2008 • 2009 2010s 2010

This article relating to a Detroit Tigers baseball season is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_Detroit_Tigers_season”
Categories: Detroit Tigers seasons | 1919 Major League Baseball season | Detroit Tigers season stubs

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Castleford (disambiguation)

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Castleford may refer to:

• Castleford, a town in West Yorkshire, England
  • Castleford Tigers, a rugby league club
  • Castleford High School Technology and Sports College, a high school
  • Castleford railway station
• Castleford, Idaho, in the United States
• Castleford, Ontario, Canada, a community in Horton Township

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castleford_(disambiguation)”
Categories: Disambiguation pages | Place name disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All article disambiguation pages | All disambiguation pages | Monitored short pages

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Gene Haas

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Gene Francis Haas (born November 12, 1952) is founder, president, and sole stockholder of Haas Automation, one of the world’s leading CNC machine tool manufacturers. He also founded a NASCAR team, Haas CNC Racing now known as Stewart Haas Racing.

Contents 1 Haas Automation 2 Haas CNC Racing 3 Stewart-Haas Racing 4 Wind Shear Wind Tunnel] 5 Philanthropic activities 6 Criminal tax evasion 7 References 8 External links

Haas Automation

Haas graduated from California State University Northridge in 1975 with a Bachelor of Science in Accounting and Finance. He originally majored in engineering but switched to business after Lockheed nearly went bankrupt. Ironically, after graduation he was unable to find employment in business that paid more than what he was earning at his summer machine shop job. So, for the next few years he worked as a machinist and NC programmer. In 1978, he opened Pro-turn Engineering, a small machine shop with two employees; Tony Cortez and Abel Bugarin.

In 1980, Haas noticed that it took Bugarin a long time to manually position an indexer. Haas thought building his own indexer with a stepper motor drive would make his shop more efficient. He built one for himself and few more for other machine shops. In March 1983, he displayed his indexer at WESTEC (an industry expo). After seeing the positive reaction of attendees, he decided to form Haas Automation to mass produce them. His first commercial product, the HBI-5C (Haas Brothers Indexer), sold well because it was programmable and inexpensive. In 1986, Haas and a partner were awarded a U.S. Patent for their invention.

In 1988, Haas started production on a fully enclosed CNC machining center priced at $49,900, well below the competition. Over time, Haas machine tools became extremely popular, mostly because they are simple, very affordable, and because the in-house designed computer control is operator-friendly (no soft-keys or cryptic menus).

By 1996, Haas had outgrown its facilities in Chatsworth, California and began a search that ultimately brought it to the coastal community of Oxnard, California. In March 1997, the move was completed into the Oxnard factory, a 420,000 squate-foot facility. By 2005, the factory had been expanded to 1 million square feet.

Haas Automation is now the largest machine tool manufacturer in the United States. Sales for 2008 reached a record reportedly just under $1 billion worldwide.

Haas CNC Racing

In 2002, Gene Haas formed a new NASCAR race team, Haas CNC Racing. After purchasing the Concord, North Carolina-based Craftsman Truck Race facility from Hendrick Motorsports, Haas CNC Racing began work on its first entry in the Nextel Cup (now Sprint Cup) series as a single-car team. The first entry for the new team was September 30, 2002 with driver Jack Sprague who finished 35th after a crash. The team raced only 3 times in 2002. By 2003 the team was running full time with several driver changes over the season. By 2006 the team had relocated to a new, state-of-the-art facility in Kannapplis, North Carolina and was fielding a second full-time team. At the end of 2008, the team was still struggling with a total 6+ year average finish of just under 27th place.

Stewart-Haas Racing

Late in 2008, Gene Haas announced that he would join forces with NASCAR driver Tony Stewart. The new operation, named Stewart-Haas Racing, began operating in January 2009. Currently, both Tony Stewart and Ryan Newman drive cars in the Nextel Cup Series.

Wind Shear Wind Tunnel]

In 2006 planning began for a commercial wind tunnel. Gene Haas commissioned California-based Triliad Development to oversee the project. The facility was designed to be the most advanced automotive wind tunnel in the world. The facility is centered around an MTS rolling road which allows a car to be restrained in place directly on top of a massive tread mill-like machine with a 70 foot long by 10 foot wide by 1 mm thick stainless steel belt rotating at speeds up to 180 mph. The rolling road accurately simulates the dynamics of a car on the race track, unlike traditional fixed-floor tunnels. Construction of the new wind tunnel began in 2007 and was completed by year-end. After six months of commissioning, the wind tunnel opened to its first customer, a Formula One race team, in July 2008. Today the Wind Shear facilty counts numerous NASCAR, IndyCar, Formula One and ALMS teams as customers. Wind Shear is owned 100% by Gene Haas.

Philanthropic activities

Haas has used his position as a successful businessman to share with the local community. Haas Automation and Haas were the recipient of the Roy Pinkerton Award, presented by United Way, Ventura County Chapter. Many engineering colleges have “CNC Labs” outfitted with machines he donated, including California State University Channel Islands and California State University Northridge.

The Gene Haas Foundation
The Gene Haas Foundation was formed in 1999 to fund the needs of the local community and other deserving charities, at the discretion of its founder, Mr. Gene Haas. Of special importance to the Gene Haas Foundation are children’s charities and organizations that feed the poor, especially within the local community of Ventura County. In addition, the Gene Haas Foundation provides scholarship funds to Community Colleges and Vocational Schools for students entering technical training programs, especially machinist-based certificate and degree programs.

The Gene Haas Foundation has been a major supporter of local, Ventura County-area charities in recent years. Since its formation in 1999, the Foundation has provided more than 8.5 million dollars in grants to organizations such as The United Way, Boys and Girls Clubs of America, Ventura County Food Share , American Red Cross, YMCA, Casa Pacifica , American Cancer Society, California State University Northridge, Rain Transitional Living Center , Salvation Army, National MS Society, Ventura County Rescue Mission , and many more.²

In 2009, the Gene Haas Foundation published the website “http://ghaasfoundation.org/”. The foundation has provided charitable donations since 2001 including Hospice Foundation, Boy Scouts of America, Los Angeles Mission, YMCA Kids Camp, NAACP, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, MS Society, and others.

Criminal tax evasion

On the morning of June 19, 2006, Haas was arrested by IRS agents for investigation of filing false tax returns, witness intimidation, and conspiracy. Four others were indicted together with Haas.

Haas initially pled not guilty, but after all four of the co-indicted plead guilty and just before his case was to go to trial, a plea agreement was reached with Haas pleading guilty on one count.

Haas made full restitution to the IRS and has served a fraction of a 24 month sentence in federal prison. He was released to a halfway house in November of 2008. Since February of 2009, he has been living at his home and working at Haas Automation.

During his imprisonment, Haas was ordered to relinquish his NASCAR team to Margaret Haas and team general manager Joe Custer. As of January 2009, the race team is jointly owned by Gene Haas and Tony Stewart and is named “Stewart-Haas Racing”. Gene Haas was present at the first team win in May of 2009 when Tony Stewart won the All-Star race.

References

2. Gene Haas Foundation data provided by Manager, Gene Haas Foundation, 2800 Sturgis Road, Oxnard, California 93030

External links

• Industry Week article on Haas Automation
• Official Haas Automation website

• Official Haas Automation UK website
• Official Haas CNC Racing website
• Haas’ biography at Haas Automation

v • d • e Stewart Haas Racing Headquarters: Kannapolis, North Carolina Team Owners Tony Stewart | Gene Haas Sprint Cup drivers Tony Stewart (#14)  | Ryan Newman (#39) Sprint Cup crew chiefs Darian Grubb (#14)  | Tony Gibson (#39) Driver developmental program Levi Smith Partnerships and affiliations Hendrick Motorsports Formely known as Haas CNC Racing

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Haas”
Categories: 1952 births | California State University, Northridge alumni | American businesspeople | American engineers | NASCAR owners | California businesspeople | California engineers | Living people

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WPNA

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WPNA
City of license	Oak Park, Illinois
Broadcast area	Chicago
Frequency	1490 kHz
Format	Polish Language and other ethnic programming
Power	1,000 watts unlimited
Class	C
Facility ID	1093
Transmitter coordinates	41°52?52?N 87°47?38?W? / ?41.88111°N 87.79389°W? / 41.88111; -87.79389Coordinates: 41°52?52?N 87°47?38?W? / ?41.88111°N 87.79389°W? / 41.88111; -87.79389
Owner	Alliance Communications (Polish National Alliance)
Website	WPNA Website

WPNA (1490 AM) is a radio station licensed to Oak Park, Illinois, USA, the station serves the Chicago area. The station is currently owned by Alliance Communications. WPNA hosts radio programs for various ethnic and cultural groups in the Chicago metropolitan area.

History

The station’s history goes back to 1951, when a license to broadcast on 1490 AM from Oak Park was granted by the FCC. The license was under the call sign WEBS. Shortly after going on the air, the call sign was changed to WOPA, to better reflect the location of its studios. The offices and antenna were in the former Oak Park Arms Hotel. The call sign once again changed in 1984 to WBMX for 3 short years until 1490 AM was purchased by the Polish National Alliance which changed the stations call letters to WPNA.

WPNA was the home of the long-running Chet Gulinski Show, which featured polka music and was quite popular in Chicago’s Eastern European communities.

References

1. ^ “WPNA Facility Record”. United States Federal Communications Commission, audio division. http://www.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/fmq?call=WPNA. Retrieved 2009-11-09. 

External links

• Query the FCC’s AM station database for WPNA
• Radio Locator Information on WPNA
• Query Arbitron’s AM station database for WPNA

collapsible autocollapse” style=”width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;”> v • d • e Radio stations in the Chicago, Illinois market By FM frequency 87.72 • 88.1 • 88.1 • 88.1 • 88.1 • 88.3 • 88.3 • 88.3 • 88.3 • 88.3 • 88.5 • 88.7 • 88.7 • 88.7 • 88.7 • 88.9 • 88.9 • 89.1 • 89.1 • 89.3 • 89.3 • 89.5 • 89.7 • 90.1 • 90.5 • 90.7 • 90.9 • 91.5 • 91.9 • 92.3 • 92.5 • 92.7 • 93.1 • 93.5 • 93.9 • 94.3 • 94.7 • 95.1 • 95.5 • 95.9 • 95.9 • 96.3 • 96.7 • 96.9 • 97.1 • 97.9 • 98.3 • 98.3 • 98.7 • 99.5 • 99.9 • 99.9 • 100.3 • 100.7 • 100.7 • 101.1 • 101.9 • 102.3 • 102.3 • 102.7 • 103.1 • 103.5 • 103.9 • 103.9 • 104.3 • 104.7 • 105.1 • 105.5 • 105.5 • 105.9 • 106.3 • 106.7 • 107.1 • 107.1 • 107.5 • 107.9 By AM frequency 560 • 670¹ • 720¹ • 750 • 780¹ • 820 • 850 • 890¹ • 930 • 950 • 1000¹ • 1050 • 1080 • 1110 • 1160 • 1200 • 1230 • 1240 • 1270 • 1300 • 1370 • 1390 • 1420 • 1450 • 1470 • 1490 • 1500 • 1510 • 1530 • 1570 • 1590 • 1690 NOAA Weather Radio frequency 162.425 • 162.500 • 162.550 By callsign KWO39 • KXI41 • KZZ81 • WAES • WAIT • WAUR • WAWF • WBBM¹ • WBBM-FM • WBEQ • WBEW • WBEZ • WBGX • WCCQ • WCEV • WCFJ • WCFL • WCFS-FM • WCGO • WCLR • WCPT • WCPT-FM • WCPQ • WCPY • WCRX • WDCB • WDGC-FM • WDRV • WEDC • WEFM • WERV-FM • WETN • WFEL-LP • WFMT • WGCI-FM • WGN • WGRB • WGVE-FM • WHFH • WHLP • WHPK-FM • WIIL • WIIT • WILV • WIMS • WIND • WJCH • WJJG • WJKL • WJMK • WJOB • WKKC • WKQX • WKSC-FM • WLEY-FM • WLFM-LP2 • WLIT-FM • WLJE • WLPR-FM • WLS¹ • WLS-FM • WLTH • WLRA • WLIP • WLUP-FM • WLUW • WMBI • WMBI-FM • WMVP¹ • WNDZ • WNIB • WNTD • WNUA • WNUR • WNWI • WONC • WONU • WOTW • WPJX • WPNA • WPPN • WPWX • WRDZ • WRLL • WRLR-LP • WRSE • WRTE • WRTO • WRXQ • WSBC • WSCR¹ • WSPY-FM • WSRB • WSRI • WSSR • WTMX • WUSN • WVAZ • WVIV • WVIX • WVON • WWCA • WWDV • WWHN • WWYW • WXAV • WXLC • WXRD • WXRT • WYCA • WYLL • WZRD • WZSR • WZVN Defunct Stations: WCGO • WMAQ Satellite Radio Local Traffic/Weather: XM Channel 217 · Sirius Channel 151 Illinois Radio Markets: Bloomington · Champaign · Chicago · Decatur · LaSalle-Peru · Marion-Carbondale · Peoria · Quad Cities (Rock Island-Moline) · Rockford · St. Louis, MO · Other Illinois Radio Regions: Quincy/Hannibal · Springfield See also: List of radio stations in Illinois Indiana Radio Markets: Evansville • Ft. Wayne • Indianapolis • Lafayette • Muncie-Marion • South Bend • Terre Haute • Chicago, IL • Cincinnati, OH • Louisville, KY Other Indiana Radio Regions: Bloomington See also: List of radio stations in Indiana ¹ = Clear-channel stations with extended nighttime coverage. 2 = Audio signal of WLFM-LP (smooth jazz audio, with video of still images)

This article about a radio station in Illinois is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPNA”
Categories: Radio stations in Chicago, Illinois | Radio stations in Illinois | Illinois radio station stubs

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